Extinguishing photovoltaics
Photovoltaic power plants are increasingly appearing on solar fields, houses, etc. Fires can occur due to wiring faults, overheating, inverter failure or storm surges. The main danger in a PV panel fire is that the solar panels still generate electricity even when disconnected from the grid, which complicates firefighter intervention and requires the use of special extinguishing agents.
A PV fire is specific in that it is not a classical type of fire, but a combination of electrical and material fire that can spread very quickly. PV fires can arise from a variety of causes, the most common being:
ELECTRICAL FAULTS
Faulty wiring - if the panels are incorrectly installed using poor quality components or have shfaulty wiring, overheating and possible fire can occur.
Mains surges - lightning or voltage fluctuations can damage the voltage converter and other system components, causing a short circuit.
Short circuits and overloads - cables and connections that are improperly sized can lead to overheating and subsequent ignition.
OVERHEATING AND MECHANICAL DAMAGE
Prolonged exposure to high temperatures - PV panels that are exposed to direct sunlight for long periods of time can cause degradation of their material and risk fire.
Damage and microcracks - if a solar panel is damaged by hail or strong winds, for example, its structure may be damaged, increasing the risk of short circuits.
FAULTY AND UNPROFESSIONAL INSTALLATION
Non-certified components - poor quality cables, connections or inverters can make them less resistant to heat.
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
Lightning strikes - PV panels are installed on open areas and roofs where there is a high risk of lightning strikes, which can damage wiring and subsequently cause fires.
Accumulation of debris - accumulated leaves, dust and other debris can act as combustible material and can accelerate a fire.
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